Certain species of plants in the Ficus genus, including the banyan, are known as “strangler figs.” They start their life cycle as epiphytes, meaning they use other trees as physical support while feeding independently.
Gradually, their roots reach the ground, and the fig completely envelops its host tree. Deprived of light, the host tree eventually dies. Ultimately, the strangler fig takes on the shape of the former host, with a hollow center.
Strangler figs are particularly common in tropical forests where they play a unique role in the ecosystem. Despite their seemingly destructive behavior, they provide critical habitats for a variety of wildlife.
Birds, bats, and other animals feed on their fruit and often use the hollowed-out structures for shelter. The dense root networks of strangler figs also help stabilize the soil, preventing erosion. Thus, while they can be deadly to their host trees, strangler figs contribute to the biodiversity and health of their environments.